There is an enormous growing market for printed conductive patterns and the most obvious one is in Radio Frequency Identification RFID antennae.   
RFID Tags of whatever design rely on silicon chips (ICs) and all require an antenna.  As industries worldwide replace trillions of barcodes, the industry shall need trillions of antennas yearly. Two frequency ranges dominate 13.56 MHz (the HF band) and 850-920MHz (the UHF band).

For RFID, antennae can be printed on a wide variety of substrates including paper, paperboard, polyester, Teslin® sheet, and others.  As cost is a key factor in RFID implementations, designers work to provide the optimum functionality on the lowest cost substrate. 
Functionality includes read distance, environmental performance, mechanical performance, anti-collision capability (not interfering with other RFID signals in the path), and others.

Parmod® VLT silver inks can be printed using flatbed screen, rotary screen, flexography or rotogravure printing technologies. 

Parmod® VLT silver inks now cure at temperatures as low as 135oC for a sheet fed flatbed screen process with a web dwell time of 3-6 minutes to 180oC for 15 seconds on selected paper substrates.   Product brochures are available on the downloads section of this website

 PARELEC’S CERTIFIED PARTNER PROGRAM
This exclusive international program was designed by Parelec and is available to select RFID antennae printers who have adopted Parelec’s quality and performance criteria.  The Program embraces printers, IC vendors, antenna designers, adhesive suppliers, equipment vendors, and service providers who provide turnkey processes demonstrated to leverage the Parmod® value proposition.  With training, equipment selection and validation, and state of the art knowledge in HF and UHF printing, Parelec can bring its printer partners ‘up-to-speed’ in a proven efficient process.  Parelec’s technical experts can assist you whether you are operating flatbed screen, rotary screen, flexographic or rotogravure processes. As of 2006, Parelec’s certified printers have printed over 100 million HF and UHF tags, labels, and tickets.  
MANUFACTURING HIGHLIGHTS

HF antennae are typically made in a three step manufacturing process:  a coil or loop with several turns is made from Parmod® conductive ink, a dielectric is printed across the coils (at the lower left in the diagram below), and a jumper is printed which connects one end of the coil structure to the other.  A chip is then attached with conductive adhesive or other method as shown in the photo below.

UHF transponders are made from a dipole antenna printed in one step with Parmod® inks. The IC chip is usually attached in the center.  Chip attachment may be by ‘pick and place’ using a conductive adhesive or using a strap attachment process where the chip has been mounted on a small substrate with connecting leads and the ends of the strap are attached to the antenna as shown below: